Fuller on The Consistency of Providence & Human Agency

In one of his letters on the importance of Systematic Divinity, Andrew Fuller deals with the seeming inconsistency between Divine predestination and human responsibility. He points out the difference between the reasoning of the fleshly mind versus the Christian.

A fleshly mind may ask, “How can these things be?” How can Divine predestination accord with human agency and accountableness?  But a truly humble Christian, finding both in his Bible, will believe both, though he may be unable fully to understand their consistency; and he will find in the one a motive to depend entirely on God, and in the other a caution against slothfulness and presumptuous neglect of duty. And thus a Christian minister, if he view the doctrine in its proper connexions, will find nothing in it to hinder the free use of warnings, invitations, and persuasions, either to the converted or the unconverted. Yet he will not ground his hopes of success on the pliability of the human mind, but on the promised grace of God, who (while he prophesies to the dry bones, as he is commanded) is known to inspire them with the breath of life.

- Andrew Fuller

I quoted Spurgeon here in a similar post a while back.

The Nature of Effectual Calling

Thomas Boston, the Scottish Puritan, gives the best treatment on Effectual Calling I have read. He starts with a brief explanation of what it is:

Effectual calling is the first entrance of a soul into the state of grace, the first step by which God’s eternal purpose of love descends unto sinners, and we again ascend towards the glory to which we are chosen. And upon the matter, it is the same with conversion and regeneration.

Next he shows what it is not, Negatively, then what it is, Positively.

Negatively

It is neither the piety, parts, nor seriousness of those who are employed to carry the gospel-call to sinners, 1 Cor. iii.7. Indeed, if moral suasion were sufficient to bring sinners back to God, men that have the art of persuading, and can speak movingly and seriously could not fail to have vast numbers of converts. But that work is not so brought about, Luke xvi. ult. Hence said Abraham to the rich man in hell, ‘If they hear not Moses and the prophets, neither will they be persuaded though one rose from the dead.’ Never did these, conjunctly or severally, appear in any, as in any, as in Christ, who ‘spake as never man spake.’ But behold the issue, John xii. 37, 38. ‘But though he had done so many miracles before them, yet they believed not on him: that the saying Esaias the prophet might be fulfilled, which he spake, ‘Lord, who hath believed our report? and to whom hath the arm of the Lord been revealed?’
Neither is it one that uses his own free-will better than another does, Rom. ix. 6. ‘It is not of him that willeth, nor of him that runneth, but of God that sheweth mercy.’ For every man will be unwilling till the power from another quarter make him willing, John vi. 44. If it were so, one man should make himself to differ from another in that grand point. But hear what the Apostle Paul says, 1 Cor. iv. 7. ‘Who maketh thee to differ from another?’ Men are dead in trespasses and sins, and such cannot difference themselves.

Positively

We may say in this case, ‘Not by might, nor by power, but by the Spirit of the Lord.’ It is the Spirit of the Lord, accompanying the call of the word, that makes it effectual, John vi. 63. Hence days of the plentiful effusion of the Spirit are good days for the take of souls, and contrarywise, when the Spirit is restrained, Psal. cx. 3. Therefore Isaiah resolves the question thus, ‘Who hath believed our report? and to whom is the arm of the Lord revealed?’ The report may reach the ears, but it is the arm of the Lord that must open the heart…..

-from A Complete Body of Divinity by Thomas Boston, Volume 1

Born Again According To Abundant Mercy

Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who according to His abundant mercy has begotten us again to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, (1 Peter 1:3)

We have just started going through 1 Peter in the men’s bible study. I only have a couple of commentaries at my disposal on this magnificent epistle, so it is encouraging me to be more dependent on praying and meditating on the text – there is certainly a sweetness to this that I had been neglecting up until recently. That being said, I did find something in Calvin’s commentary on the first letter of Peter that is worded quite well.

Commenting on 1 Peter 1:3:

According to his abundant mercy. He first mentions the efficient cause, and then he points out the mediating cause, as they say. He shews that God was induced by no merits of ours to regenerate us unto a living hope, because he assigns this wholly to his mercy. But that he might more completely reduce the merits of works to nothing, he says, great (multam) mercy. All, indeed, confess that God is the only author of our salvation, but they afterwards invent extraneous causes, which take away so much from his mercy. But Peter commends mercy alone; and he immediately connects the way or manner, by the resurrection of Christ; for God does not in any other way discover his mercy; hence Scripture ever directs our attention to this point. And that Christ’s death is not mentioned, but his resurrection, involves no inconsistency, for it is included; because a thing cannot be completed without having a beginning; and he especially brought forward the resurrection, because he was speaking of a new life.

Calvin explains why Peter is driving home, According to His abundant mercy. It is because he wants to get it through our heads that we are not born again because we believe but that we believe because we are born again and we are born again according to the abundant mercy of God.

MacArthur on the Importance of Election

Commenting on 1 Peter 1:2 :

“If Christians ignore the doctrine of Election, they fail to understand the glories of redemption, they fail to honor the sovereignty of God and Christ, and they fail to appreciate the immense spiritual privileges that are theirs. ……Election is such a powerful truth that when Christians understand it, the practical ramifications of election will transform the way they live their daily lives.”

-John MacArthur; The MacArthur New Testament Commentary; 1 Peter page 27

Election Dismissed Due To Discomfort

Charles Spurgeon recounts a humorous story about an encounter he had with an Arminian over the doctrine of election:

“I recollect an Arminian brother telling me that he had read the Scriptures through a score or more times, and could never find the doctrine of election in them. He added that he was sure he would have done so if it had been there, for he read the Word on his knees. I said to him, ‘I think you read the Bible in a very uncomfortable posture, and if you had read it in your easy chair, you would have been more likely to understand it. Pray, by all means, and the more, the better, but it is a piece of superstition to think there is anything in the posture in which a man puts himself for reading: and as to reading through the Bible twenty times without having found anything about the doctrine of election, the wonder is that you found anything at all: you must have galloped through it at such a rate that you were not likely to have any intelligible idea of the meaning of the Scriptures.’”

- C.H. Spurgeon Autobiography Volume 1 page 166; A Defence of Calvinsm